DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the role of human capital in economic development in the context of digitalization. The authors examined key approaches to human capital development using examples from countries such as South Korea, Singapore, Finland, the USA, Germany, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan. The paper analyzes investments in education, research and development (R&D), digital literacy, and employment in the IT sector. The main outcomes of these approaches in international practice are highlighted, and recommendations are proposed for Kazakhstan. The study addresses key areas that determine the role of human capital in the digital era: investments in education and professional training, development of digital literacy skills, continuous learning and retraining, and healthcare as a factor in economic productivity. International experience demonstrates that a systematic approach to human capital development enhances competitiveness and fosters sustainable economic growth. The analysis of foreign countries' experience in human capital development identified the most effective strategies that can be adapted to the realities of Kazakhstan.