Assessment of the economic efficiency of special economic zones in the Republic Of Kazakhstan: problems and development directions

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying positive and negative trends in the development of institutional and economic mechanisms of special economic zones (SEZs) in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Although SEZs are considered one of the key tools for implementing regional development strategies, their contribution to the country’s overall economic performance remains limited. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of SEZ operations using statistical data and regression analysis methods, which made it possible to objectively assess their impact on the socio-economic development of regions. The analysis results showed that SEZs contribute to increased investment volumes, the creation of new jobs, the introduction of innovative technologies, and the diversification of industrial production. However, alongside these positive effects, several structural and managerial problems were identified, including uneven resource distribution, insufficient institutional support, weak coordination between management bodies, and a low level of production localization. The authors emphasize the need to improve the methodology for assessing SEZ performance, develop comprehensive measures to optimize their operational mechanisms, and enhance the effectiveness of state regulation. Thus, the study makes it possible not only to determine the current state and development dynamics of special economic zones in Kazakhstan but also to formulate practical recommendations for optimizing their functioning. The findings can be used in the development of state regional development policies and in improving the effectiveness of economic stimulation instruments.